-On-Site Course Sample-

-On-Site Course Sample-

DAY 2

8:00 A.M.

  II.         APPLICATIONS

  II.A.  Emulsions and Microemulsions                                      

               1.  Technological Importance of Emulsions.

               2.  Definitions and Characteristics.

               3.  Behavior of Unstable Emulsions.

               4.  Mechanisms of Emulsion Formation and

                    Stabilization.

               5.  Relationship Between Surfactant

                    Structure and Emulsion Stability.

               6.  Intimate Relationship Between

                    Emulsion Stability and Formation of

                    Microemulsions.

               7.  Breaking Emulsions

  II.B.  Foams                                

               1.  Where are Foams Important?

               2.  What is a Foam?

               3.  Foam Formation - Film Elasticity

               4.  Foam Stability - Foam Drainage

               5.  Altering Foam Stability

               6.  Selection of Surfactants for Foam Behavior

               7.  Defoaming and Antifoams

               8.  Measurement of Foam Formation and Stability

12:00   Lunch

12:30 P.M.

  II.C.  Dispersion Stability          

               1.  Examples of Important Dispersions.

               2.  States of a Dispersed System.

               3.  Rheology of Dispersions.

               4.  Dominant Forces in Dispersion Stability.

               5.  Role of Surfactant Adsorption in

                    Stabilizing Dispersions.

               6.  Design of Surfactant/Polymer Systems

                  for Controlling the State of a Dispersion

7.  Breaking Dispersions

  II.D.  Cleaning Technology      

               1.  Applications of Detergency.

               2.  Physical Mechanisms of Detergency.

               3.  Formulations

4:30 P.M.  Course ends for the day

DAY 3

8:00 A.M.

  II.E.  Polymers and Surfactant Interactions                 

               1.  Common water-soluble polymers

               2.  Chain Configuration

               3.  Viscosity, Dissolution and Adsorption at Interfaces

               4.  Polymer-Surfactant Interactions

               5.  Nonaggregating Polymer-Surfactant Interactions

               6.  Aggregating Polymer-Surfactant Interactions

               7.  Adsorption at Interfaces

II.F. Surfactant-Based Separations   

               1.  Advantages of Surfactant-Based Separations

               2.  Froth Flotation

               3.  Paper Deinking

               4.  Foam-Based Separations

               5.  Extraction Into Reverse Micelles

               6.  Surfactant-Enhanced Soil Remediation

               7.  Cloud Point Extraction

               8.  Micellar-Enhanced Ultrafiltration

               9.  Admicellar Chromatography

               10. Surfactant-Enhanced Carbon Regeneration

               11. Applications of Surfactant-Based Separations

               12. General References on Surfactant-Based Separations

II.G.  Surfactant Types                        

1.  Historical Overview of Surfactant Production

               2.  Major Commercial Surfactants and Their Uses

  II.H.  Environmental and Health Factors

                 1.  Biodegradability and Toxicity

               2.  Toxicity of Surfactants

               3.  Biodegradability of Surfactants

               4.  Eutrophication and Related Problems

               5.  Life Cycle Assessment

  III.     WRAP-UP

12:00 P.M.  Course concludes

Surfactant Associates, Inc.

 Short Course in Applied Surfactant Science and Technology

 SAMPLE

COURSE OUTLINE

DAY 1

8:00 A.M.

  I.          FUNDAMENTALS

  I.A.      What is a Surfactant?

               1.  The Contraction "Surfactant".

               2.  Many Guises of Surfactants— Functional Names.

               3.  Surfactant Molecular Architecture.

               4.  Surfactant Aggregate Menagerie.

               5.  Micellization.

               6.  Major Surfactant Categories.

  I.B.       Micelle Formation        

               1.  Single Surfactant Micelles.

               2.  Mixed Micelles.

  I.C.      Phases and Phase Diagrams                          

               1.  Basic Surfactant Aggregate Structures

     Which Occur in Surfactant Phases.

               2.  Typical Phase Diagrams for

     Surfactant/Water Systems and Their

     Relationship to Basic Surfactant

     Aggregate Structures.

               3.  Rheology of Surfactant Solutions.

  I.D.      Solubilization                 

               1.  Loci of Solubilization.

               2.  Solubilization Equilibrium Constant.

               3.  Factors Affecting Solubilization.

               4.  Goals of Solubilization Studies.

               5.  Methods of Measuring Solubilization.

               6.  Recommended Techniques to

     Measure Solubilization.

               7.  Dependencies of K on X0.

               8.  Effect of Temperature.

               9.  Solubilization in Mixed Micelles and

                    in Amphoteric Surfactant Micelles.

               10. Some Observations About

                    Solubilization.

12:00     Lunch

 12:30 P.M.

  I.E.       Surfactant Adsorption at Solid/Liquid Interfaces

               1.  Applications of Surfactant Adsorption on Solids.

               2.  Mechanisms of Surfactant Adsorption

                    on Solids.

               3.  Measuring Surfactant Adsorption.

               4.  Estimating Bilayer and Monolayer

                    Coverage.

 I.F.        Precipitation                    

1.  Hardness Tolerance and Krafft Points

                    of Anionic Surfactants.

               2.  Anionic/Cationic Surfactant Mixture

                    Precipitation.

               3.  Kinetics of Surfactant Precipitation

  I.G.      Surface Tension/Wetting

               1.  Surface Tension.

               2.  Using Surfactants to Reduce Surface

                    Tension of Water.

               3.  Pressure Gradient Across Curved

                    Interface.

               4.  Measuring Surface Tension.

               5.  Wetting.

4:30 P.M.  Course ends for the day